Fourth Week (Lab)

During Lab we did a couple of examples related to Lab-2 work, Dr Sri explained some examples and then we did remaining on our own. The lab also gave an insight on using prolog to save and edit files using notepad.

Fourth Week

Today's lecture was about an important phase in the development phase of expert system i.e. Knowledge Representation.
Knowledge representation is graphical representation of facts and data. Its actually a framework for storing and manipulating knowledge. There are different schemes that are used to represent knowledge like, Logical Scheme, Network Scheme, Procedural Scheme, Structural Scheme and Human Model. The scheme we are going to use is Semantic Scheme. Semantic Scheme uses semantic network to represent knowledge, it is comprised of nodes and arc.

Then we studied Rules and Facts in Procedural Scheme. These are formalization often used to specify recommendations, give directives or strategy.

Semantic Network will be helpful in making our Coursewrk because this will be used to represent the knowledge graphically. It is better to represent something in picture format than text because it gives the message more clearly and in less time.

Second week (Lab)

Prolog is a language of Artificial Intelligence and it is a logic programming language. The name prolog came from Programming and Logic. Prolog is not like traditional programming languages, it is quite different. The programs are designed according to the priciples of logical problem solving. The problems are approached from the point of view of the data rather than procedure.

Programming in Prolog is usually very shorter than programming in other languages because there are no type declarations, no Go To statements, No Iterations etc.

Prolog seems to be very interesting because it tries to work like human mind. Dr Sri gave us quite a few example in order to get our hands in to the language. The example were very basic but they explained some basic Rules and Priciples of Prolog.
In 12 weeks time I'll try my best to become very good programmer in Prolog and will do my best to make a very good expert system.

Second Week

The topic under consideration in second week was Expert System. Expert System is a branch of Artificial Intelligence, it is an intelligent computer program that is used to solve complex problems which are not easy to solve trough human mind but they still lack in the robustness and general intelligence because of their narrowness.
Problems are mainly ill-defined and ill-structured. It focuses on one special area and acquires detailed knowledge about it which is used later to solve problems. From four different types of knowledge (Declarative, Strategic, Tacit, Procedural) it uses Declarative Knowledge.
In Declarative knowledge it uses only three main forms that are rules, facts and network of facts. The Expert system that is build from these is called Rule based system.

Every system has to go through some stages inorder to get a finished application/system. The SDLC stages of Expert system are comprised of;
Planning Knowledge Based
Organising Knowledge
Elicitation
Formulation Knowledge
Implementation
Testing, verification and validation.

Testing, verification and validation are one of the most important part of developing any system because they verify and validate that either we are building the right product and Product right, so it is very important to verify each and every stage of SDLC.

Expert systems can provide benefits to any organization if they are properly implemented and their limitations are well observed.

First Week

In simple words "Artificial Intelligence is about making computer do what humans can do". Its about designing intelligent computer system that can work like a human. The advantage Artificial Intelligence can have over human behaviour is, they can not make mistake.

Artificial Intelligence is a branch of science, philosophy and engineering. Knowledge of Science, Philosophy and Engineering is used to develop an intelligent system that can work as a human mind, has a life, stores information and behaves intelligently. Artificial Intelligence itself has many branches like; Knowledge based system, Artificial Neural network, Evolutionary computing, Fussy logic, Swarm Inteligence, knowledge based system and Natural language processing.

We use AI to solve our problems, problems can be structures or unstructured. Different techniques are used to solve these problems like Algorithmic and Heuristic. AI can be helpful in almost all the fields. In future AI is going to be used for Intelligent agent, Artificial Life, Intelligent Robot etc.